Passages 2013: List of notable deaths

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Actress Joan Fontaine died in California on Dec. 15. She was 96.

Former South African President Nelson Mandela died Dec. 5. He was 95.

Actress Esther Williams died June 6 in California. She was 91.

Actor Peter O'Toole died Dec. 14 in London. He was 91.

Actor Paul Walker, 40, died in a car crash on Nov. 30 in Valencia, CA.

Photo by the Associated Press

Marcia Wallace, who gained fame on The Bob Newhart Show and whom audiences embraced as teacher Edna Krabappel on The Simpsons, has died. She was 70.

Lou Reed, who founded the influential Velvet Underground and went on to a solo career that spanned decades, died Sunday in Southampton, N.Y., his literary agent confirmed to NBC News. He was 71.

Astronaut Scott Carpenter, the second American to orbit the Earth and one of the last surviving original Mercury 7 astronauts, died of complications from a stroke. He was 88

Tom Clancy, the best-selling author of dozens of thrillers, including a famed series starring Jack Ryan, died Tuesday in Baltimore, his publisher, Putnam, has confirmed. He was 66.

Tommy Morrison, 44, a former heavyweight champion who gained fame for his role in the movie "Rocky V," has died at the age of 44. (Photo by the Associated Press)

Lee Thompson Young attends Diddy's Official VMA after party at Space August 28, 2005 in Miami, Florida. Young was found dead in his home in August 2013. (Photo by Peter Kramer/Getty Images)

Michael Ansara, a television and movie actor whose roles included a Klingon on "Star Trek," died Wednesday, July 31 at his home in Calabasas, Calif. after a long illness. He was 91. (Associated Press)

Actor Dennis Farina arrives at the premiere of HBO's 'Luck' at the Chinese Theater on January 25, 2012 in Los Angeles, California. He died July 22. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)

James Gandolfini, who won three Emmys for his portrayal of Tony Soprano on "The Sopranos", died Wednesday, June 19 in Italy.

Florida native and famed country singer Slim Whitman died Wednesday, June 19, at the age of 90.

Jean Stapleton arrives at the premiere Broadway performance of 'Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends' at the Booth Theater in New York City. Stapleton died June 1. (1/29/02 Photo by Scott Gries/ImageDirect)

Musician Ray Manzarek performs at the Annual Sunset Strip Music Festival, Tribute to Motley Crue at the House of Blues Sunset Blvd on August 18, 2011 in West Hollywood, California. Manzarek died May 20, 2013 (Photo by Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)

Dr. Joyce Brothers, who first interviewed the Beatles, during the 40th Anniversary of the Beatles coming to America media conference January 16, 2004 in New York City. Brothers died May 13, 2013. (Photo by Peter Kramer/Getty Images)

Chris Kelly (far left, shown in 1993) one-half of the 1990s rap duo Kris Kross, died May 1 at an Atlanta hospital after he was found unresponsive at his home. He was 34.

Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher waves to the press at her home, after leaving Cromwell Hospital on November 1, 2010 in London, England. Thatcher died April 8. (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)

Actress Bonnie Franklin attends TV Land's 'Hot In Cleveland' And 'Retired At 35' Premiere Party at the Sunset Tower Hotel on January 10, 2011 in West Hollywood, California. Franklin died March 1. (Photo by Charley Gallay/Getty Images)

Actor Jonathan Winters arrives at The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Science's 'The Last 70mm Film Festival' Screening Of 'It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World' at AMPAS Samuel Goldwyn Theater on July 9, 2012 in Beverly Hills, California. Winters died April 11. (Photo by Michael Buckner/Getty Images)

Richie Havens performs at the 'Woodstock 40th Anniversary' Blu-Ray release party at Hard Rock Cafe - Times Square June 4, 2009 in New York City. Havens died April 22. (Photo by Brad Barket/Getty Images)

Annette Funicello (R) kisses Mickey Mouse 14 September 1993 after she received a star on the famous Hollywood Walk of Fame in California. Funicello died April 8. (Photo by VINCE BUCCI/AFP/Getty Images)

Singer/Songwriter George Jones during the 2012 NATD Honors at The Hermitage Hotel on November 14, 2012 in Nashville, Tennessee. Jones died April 26, 2013. (Photo by Rick Diamond/Getty Images for Nashville Association of Talent Directors)

LATE NIGHT WITH JIMMY FALLON -- Episode 757 -- Pictured: (l-r) Shain Gandee and Shae Bradley during an interview on January 2, 2013. Gandee died April 1 at age 21. (Photo by: Lloyd Bishop/NBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images)

Ed Koch attends the 'Koch' screening during the 20th Hamptons International Film Festival at United Artists Regal Cinema on October 8, 2012 in East Hampton, New York. Koch died Feb. 1.(Photo by Jason Kempin/Getty Images)

Los Angeles Lakers owner Dr. Jerry Buss arrives for NBA labor negotiations at Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers on October 20, 2011 in New York City. Buss died Feb. 18. (Photo by Patrick McDermott/Getty Images)

Singer Mindy McCready of the Queens of Heart poker team participates in the Ladies No-Limit Hold 'em poker tournament at the World Series of Poker at the Rio Hotel & Casino June 8, 2008 in Las Vegas, Nevada. A portion of the proceeds from the team will benefit the Nevada Cancer Institute. McCready died Feb. 17. (Photo by Angela Weiss/Getty Images)

Patti Page was a presenter at the 36th Annual Academy of Country Music Awards at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, Ca. 5/9/01. Page died Jan. 1. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images.)

Actor Conrad Bain attends the TV Land Awards 2003 at the Hollywood Palladium on March 2, 2003 in Hollywood, California. Bain died Jan. 14. (Photo by Robert Mora/Getty Images)

Film critic Roger Ebert, shown in August 2011, died April 4. (Photo by Anne Ryan, USA TODAY)

Glee star Cory Monteith, 31, was found dead in a hotel room in Vancouver on July 13.

Pat Summerall, an NFL player in the 1950s and 1960s who would go on to become one of the sport's most respected broadcasters for decades, died April 16 at the age of 82.

This year's Passages, USA TODAY's annual roundup of notable people we lost in 2013, is a rich and often unexpected series of encounters.

Below, we remember the accomplishments of those who left us this year.

BUSINESS

Herbert M. Allison Jr., 69, former president of Merrill Lynch who was appointed to lead and help rescue troubled Fannie Mae in 2008 and who later ran the federal government's bank bailout program. Allison was a political appointee of both President Obama and President George W. Bush. Allison took over Fannie Mae after retiring as chief executive of TIAA-CREF, the giant financial services company. Heart attack, July 14.

Cal Worthington, 92, West Coast auto salesman known for his zany commercials. He was the nation's top-selling Dodge salesman in the 1960s and at one time he owned nearly two dozen car dealerships, stretching from Alaska to Texas. Cause not given, Sept. 8.

Hiroshi Yamauchi, 85, who ran Nintendo from 1949 to 2002 and led the Japanese company's transition from a maker of playing cards to a video game giant. He also was known for owned the Seattle Mariners major league baseball club. Pneumonia, Sept. 19.

NEWSMAKERS

Sidney Berry, 87, retired Army lieutenant general and decorated combat veteran of the Vietnam and Korean wars who led the U.S. Military Academy during a turbulent period in the 1970s. During his tenure as superintendent a cheating scandal rocked West Point and despite initial misgivings, he oversaw the admission of the first female cadets. Parkinson's disease, July 1.

Margaret Brewer, 82, retired brigadier general who in 1978 became the first woman to hold the rank of general in the U.S. Marine Corps. She led the Marines' public affairs division late in her career. Alzheimer's, Jan. 2.

Joyce Brothers, 85, a pioneering psychologist whose television shows starting in the 1950s paved the way for an entire genre of programming. Brothers offered advice on psychological issues at a time when such subjects were rarely discussed on TV. She was also a columnist, author, film personality - and game show champion. Cause not given, May 13.

Scott Carpenter, 88, a member of the"Mercury Seven," the USA's first group of astronauts. He was the fourth American in space and the second to orbit the Earth. His five-hour, three-orbit journey on May 24, 1962, was marred by a wildly off-course landing that sparked concern that he might have died midflight. Complications from a stroke, Oct. 10.

Andre Cassagnes, 86, French inventor of the Etch A Sketch drawing toy that generations of children drew on, then hook up and started over. No cause given, Jan. 16.

Julius Chambers, 76, attorney who with his partners won cases that shaped civil rights law. The Supreme Court's ruling in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education required the busing of students to integrate public school. His home and his car were firebombed on separate occasions in 1965, and his office was burned to the ground in 1971. No cause given, Aug. 2.

Essie Mae Washington-Williams, 87, who revealed after the 2003 death of segregationist Sen. Strom Thurmond that she was his mixed-race daughter. Her mother was a servant for Thurmond's parents in the 1920s.They both kept secret her parentage - her mother was a Thurmond family maid - for more than 70 years. Cause not given, Feb. 3.

Albert Wheelon, 84, former Hughes Aircraft chairman who played a key role in developing the first spy satellite as Wheelon was the CIA's science and technology director when he helped guide development of the photo reconnaissance satellite in the early 1960s. Cancer, Sept. 27.

John Wilpers, 93, last known surviving member of a team of Army intelligence officers who captured the former Japanese prime minister Hideki Tojo after World War II. Tojo shot himself in a suicide attempt but the team got medical attention to keep him alive so he could be tried and executed for war crimes. Cause not given, Feb. 28.

POLITICS

Bill Allain, 85, Democrat who was governor of Mississippi from 1984-88 and appointed many women and minorities to government jobs and strengthened the executive branch by removing lawmakers from state boards. No cause given, Dec. 2.

Otis R. Bowen, 95, small-town family doctor who overhauled Indiana's tax system as governor and was the first Indiana governor re-elected since the mid-1800s. He later helped promote safe sex practices in the early years of AIDS as director of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under President Reagan. Cause not given, May 3.

Harry F. Byrd Jr., 98, Democrat-turned-independent U.S. senator who began his career as a staunch segregationist and preached fiscal restraint in Washington long before it became fashionable. His 1970 re-election was only the second time an independent won a U.S. Senate seat. Byrd served 17 years in the U.S. Senate, replacing his powerful father, Harry Flood Byrd, a U.S. senator from 1933-65. Cause not given, July 30.

Argeo Paul Cellucci, 65, governor of Massachusetts from 1997 to 2001 before becoming U.S. ambassador to Canada. Complications from ALS, June 6.

William P. Clark, 81, who rose from campaign volunteer to one of President Ronald Reagan's most trusted advisers. Clark was national security adviser and later Interior secretary. and he was a key player in Reagan's philosophy of "peace through strength." Parkinson's disease, Aug. 10.

Tom Foley, 84, Democrat who as House speaker was known for his ability to forge consensus but who lost his seat in Congress in the Republican takeover of 1994. Foley, who served in the House for 30 years, was later U.S. ambassador to Japan. Complications from a stroke, Oct. 18.

SCIENCE

Harold Agnew, 92, Los Alamos National Laboratory Director, 1970-79, who worked on the Manhattan Project and led the effort to train the first group of international atomic inspectors. He is credited with developing "fail-safe" methods for nuclear weapons that are still used today. Lymphocytic leukemia, Sept. 29.

Doug Engelbart, 88, visionary who invented the computer mouse and developed other technological innovations that has transformed the way people work, play and communicate. Kidney failure, July 2.

Donald A. Glaser, 86, who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1960 for inventing an ingenious device called (when he was just 25 years old) the bubble chamber to trace the paths of subatomic particles. Glaser's chamber generated data that enabled physicists to figure out that most particles of matter, like protons and neutrons, are composed of even smaller particles known as quarks. Cause not given, Feb. 28.

William Glasser, 88, psychiatrist who published more than two dozen books promoting his view that mental health is mostly a matter of choice. His precept found a vast popular audience and influenced teachers, drug counselors and personal therapists. Respiratory failure, Aug. 23.

Donald F. Hornig, who as a young scientist once "babysat" the world's first atomic bomb and who later became Brown University president and the top science adviser to President Lyndon B. Johnson. Alzheimer's, Jan. 21.

SPORTS

Walt Bellamy, 74, Basketball Hall of Fame center who was NBA rookie of the year in 1962 and averaged 20.1 points and 13.7 rebounds in 14 NBA seasons. The former Indiana University star won an Olympic gold medal in 1960 and was NBA rookie of the year in 1961-62. No cause given, Nov. 2.

Sergei Belov, 69, Soviet basketball great who scored 20 points as his team beat the United States in the epic 1972 Olympic final in Munich. He was widely considered one of the best non-American players of his generation. No cause given, Oct. 2.

Jerry Buss, 80, owner of the Los Angeles Lakers. He bought the team in 1979 and turned it into the NBA's glamour franchise, winners of 10 championships, by spending heavily for marquee players. He also owned the Los Angeles Kings hockey team and the Forum sports arena. Cancer, Feb. 18.

Todd Christensen, 57, former Raiders tight end and five-time Pro Bowl selection. In 1983, he had 92 catches, setting the NFL record at the time for tight ends. He broke that record three seasons later with 95 catches. Complications during liver transplant surgery, Nov. 12.

Lavonne "Pepper" Paire Davis, 88, star of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in the 1940s and an inspiration for the central character played by Geena Davis in the movie A League of Their Own. Natural causes, Feb. 2.

Joe Dean, 83, former LSU basketball star who was inducted into the National collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame and later was LSU's athletic director for 14 years. As an analyst from 1969 to 1987 on SEC basketball broadcasts he coined the phrase "string music, to describe the sound of a basketball swishing through the net. Cause not given, Nov. 16.

Paul Dietzel, 89, football coach who led the LSU Tigers to their first football national championship, in 1958. He left to coach Army and South Carolina before returning as LSU athletics director from 1978-82. Brief illness, Sept. 24.

Don Meineke, 82,University of Dayton basketball hero and the first NBA rookie of the year, in 1953. Long illness, Sept. 3.

Caleb Moore, 25, snowmobile freestyler injured when his 450-pound machine landed on him during the Winter X Games competition in Aspen. Brain injury, Jan. 31.

Stan Musial, 92, one of baseball's greatest hitters and a Hall of Famer with the St. Louis Cardinals for more than two decades. Stan the Man won seven National League batting titles, was a three-time MVP and helped the Cardinals capture three World Series championships in the 1940s. He retired in 1963 with a then-National League record 3,630 hits, a .331 average and 475 home runs. Cause not given, Jan. 19.

WORLD

Hugo Chávez, 58, Venezuelan president for 14 years and socialist leader who assailed U.S. influence in Latin America in his campaign against capitalism and democratic freedoms. Chávez dismantled Venezuela's democratic political system, rewrote the constitution in his favor, clamped down on freedom of expression and tried to spread his version of socialism. Cancer, March 4.

Glafcos Clerides, 94, former president of Cyprus who guided his nation into European Union membership and dedicated most of his 50 years in politics to trying to reunify the ethnically split island. Cause not given, Nov. 14.

Vo Nguyen Giap, 102, relentless and charismatic North Vietnamese general who fought Japanese occupiers and whose campaigns drove both France and the United States out of Vietnam. In later years he supported economic reform and closer relations with the United States Cause not given, Oct. 4.

David Hartman, 81, rabbi who was one of the world's leading Jewish philosophers and who promoted both Jewish pluralism and interfaith dialogue. He is praised for having developed a unique Jewish philosophy which positioned man at the center of Judaism, opening the door to a more tolerant approach that took personal choice and experience into greater account. Hartman's line of thought placing man in a dialogue with God, rather than as an obedient, unquestioning worshipper. He promoted thoughtful criticism and interpretation of Jewish texts and laws Long illness, Feb. 10.

Nelson Mandela, 95, whose struggle against apartheid, South Africa's former system of racial segregation and discrimination, made him a global symbol for human rights and earned him the Nobel Peace Prize. Natural causes, Dec. 5.

Tadeusz Mazowiecki, 86, pro-democracy writer and an intellectual who became a moving force in Poland in 1980 by joining ranks with striking workers at the Gdansk shipyard who founded the Solidarity movement. In 1989 he became Poland's first post-communist prime minister. Cause not given, Oct. 27.

Rochus Misch, 96, German SS sergeant who was Adolf Hitler's devoted bodyguard for most of World War II and the last remaining witness to the Nazi leader's final hours in his Berlin bunker. Cause not given, Sept. 5.

Ottavio Missoni, 92, patriarch of the Missoni fashion house, whose iconic zigzag-patterned knitwear helped popularize Italian ready-to-wear fashions and turn Milan into a fashion mecca. No cause given, May 9.

Bruce Reynolds, 81, and Ronnie Biggs, 84, criminals renowned for their roles in chief architect of one of 20th-century one of Britain's most notorious crimes, the caper known as the Great Train Robbery in 1963. No cause given for either. Reynolds, chief architect of the robbery, died Feb. 28. Biggs, who broke out of prison and lived in Brazil for decades before giving himself up in 2001, died Dec. 18.

ENTERTAINMENT

Conrad Bain, 89, stage and film actor who became a TV star in middle age as the kindly white adoptive father of two young African-American brothers in the 1970s sitcom Diff'rent Strokes. He also had a role in Maude on CBS from 1972-78. Natural causes, Jan. 14.

Karen Black, 74, actress best known for her roles in film classics such as Easy Rider, Five Easy Pieces and Nashville. Black appeared in more than 100 films. Her breakthrough came in 1969's Easy Rider, in which she played a prostitute who takes LSD with Dennis Hopper and Peter Fonda. Cancer, Aug. 8.

Eileen Brennan, 80, who went from musical comedy on Broadway to memorable characters in such films as Private Benjamin and Clue. Bladder cancer, July 28.

Richard Briers, 79, British actor who who was an avuncular comic presence on TV and movie screens for decades on such shows as The Good Life and Monarch of the Glen. Briers starred in the 1970s sitcom "The Good Life" as Tom Good, a man who decides to quit the urban rat race for a life of self-sufficiency in suburbia. Emphysema, Feb. 17.

Roger Ebert, 70, film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times since 1967 who teamed up on television with Gene Siskel, and later Richard Roeper, to create a must-see format for criticism with its trademark thumbs up or down reviews. "I'll see you at the movies," was his familiar signoff. Cancer, April 4.

Tom Laughlin, 82, actor-writer-director known for his production and marketing of the counterculture favorite, Billy Jack. The film was released in 1971 after a long struggle by Laughlin to gain control of the low-budget, self-financed movie, a model for guerrilla filmmaking. Pneumonia, Dec. 12.

A. C. Lyles, 95, who rose from the mailroom to producer at Paramount Pictures and created a string of profitable low-budget westerns. Cause not given, Sept. 27.

Cory Monteith, 31, who played an upbeat and outgoing young student and singing coach on the hit Fox musical comedy series Glee. Drug overdose, July 13.

Lou Myers, 76, actor best known for his role as ornery restaurant owner Mr. Gaines on the TV series A Different World. His TV credits included NYPD Blue, E.R. and The Cosby Show. Cause not given, Feb. 19.

LITERATURE

Gary Brandner, 83, novelist whose trilogy ''The Howling'' delighted werewolf enthusiasts and inspired a popular film series of the same name. Esophageal cancer, Sept. 22.

A.C. Crispin, 63, science fiction author who wrote more than 20 popular tie-in novels to Star Trek and Star Wars. and helped run the online watchdog Writer Beware that alerted authors to literary scams. Cancer, Sept. 6.

Joseph Frank, 94, whose magisterial, five-volume life of Fyodor Dostoevsky was frequently cited among the greatest of 20th-century literary biographies. Pulmonary failure, Feb. 27.

Seamus Heaney, 74, who in 1995 became Ireland's first Nobel Prize-winning poet since William Butler Yeats in 1923. Short illness, Aug. 30.

Christopher J. Koch, 81, Australian author whose 1978 novel The Year of Living Dangerously was the basis of the atmospheric, award-winning film about intrigue in Indonesia. Cancer, Sept. 23.

MEDIA

Alan Abelson, 87, who spent 57 years as a writer, editor and chief columnist for the financial news publication Barron's. He authored the long-running Up and Down Wall Street column. Heart attack, May 9.

Richard Ben Cramer, 62, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter who wrote What It Takes, a 1,047-page account of the 1988 presidential election widely hailed as among the finest books about American politics ever published. Cramer was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1979 for his coverage of the Middle East as a correspondent for The Philadelphia Inquirer. He wrote a best-selling biography of Joe DiMaggio ("Joe DiMaggio: The Hero's Life," Lung cancer, Jan. 7.

Mary J. Corey, 49, first woman to serve as top editor of The Baltimore Sun, in 2010. Corey was named senior vice president and director of content at the Tribune-owned paper in 2010, overseeing all print and digital news operations. Breast cancer, Feb. 26.

William Watts Biggers, 85, co-creator of the cartoon Underdog, about a meek canine shoeshine boy who turned into a caped superhero to rescue his girlfriend, Sweet Polly Purebred. Underdog debuted on NBC in 1964. Cause not given, Feb. 10.

Lew Wood, 84, journalist who marched with Martin Luther King, covered John F. Kennedy's assassination and was the third news anchor for NBC's Today show, in 1975, during a distinguished broadcast career that began with the dawn of television, . Kidney failure, Aug. 21.

Peter Workman, 74, founder of Workman Publishing Co., one of the largest independent publishers of non-fiction trade books and calendars. the firm was known for such best-sellers as What to Expect When You're Expecting, The Silver Palate Cookbook and the boxed Page-A-Day Calendar. Cancer, April 7.

MUSIC

Jewel Akens, 79, pop singer who had a 1965 hit with The Birds and the Bees. Complications from surgery, March 1.

Patty Andrews, 94, lead singer and last surviving member of the Andrews Sisters, a sibling trio who lifted the spirits of the troops during World War II. Among their hits were Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy and Accentuate the Positive. Cause not given, Jan. 30.

Sid Bernstein, 95, promoter who in 1964 made The Beatles the first rock group to play Carnegie Hall in New York just as their fame exploded in the U.S. He also booked their concert at New York's Shea Stadium. He also booked such acts as diverse as Jimi Hendrix, Judy Garland and the Rolling Stones. He worked with Judy Garland, Duke Ellington and Ray Charles and promoted Dion, Bobby Darin and Chubby Checker. Natural causes, Aug. 21.

Leroy "Sugarfoot" Bonner, 69, frontman for the hit-making funk music band the Ohio Players. Known for their brassy dance music, catchy lyrics and flamboyant outfits, the group topped music charts in the 1970s with hits such as Love Rollercoaster and Fire. Cause not given, Jan. 27.
Amar G. Bose, 83, visionary engineer, inventor and billionaire entrepreneur whose namesake company, the Bose Corp., became synonymous with high-quality audio systems and speakers. As founder and chairman of the privately held company, Bose focused relentlessly on acoustic engineering innovation. His speakers, though expensive, earned a reputation for bringing concert-hall-quality audio into the home. And by refusing to offer stock to the public, Dr. Bose was able to pursue risky long-term research, such as noise-canceling headphones and an innovative suspension system for cars, without the pressures of quarterly earnings announcements.Cause not given, July 12.

Roy Brown Jr., 96, defiantly proud designer of the Ford Edsel, the chrome-encrusted, big-grilled set of wheels that was one of the worst flops in automotive history. More than five decades after Brown's creation debuted then disappeared, the term "Edsel" remains practically synonymous with failure. Pneumonia, Feb. 24.

Alex Calderwood, 47, co-founder of the hip Ace Hotel chain. No cause given, Nov. 14.

Philip Caldwell, 93, first chief executive officer of Ford Motor Co. who wasn't a member of the founder's family. He gambled the automaker's future on the Taurus sedan in the 1980s. It became the best-selling car in the USA. Stroke, July 10.

A.W. "Tom" Clausen, 89, who led San Francisco-based Bank of America both before and after a five-year (1981-86) term as president of the World Bank. At both banks he focused attenton on the needs of developing countries. He was credited with reviving Bank of America during his second term at the helm. Complications from Pneumonia, Jan. 21.

Ronald Coase, 102, oldest living Nobel Prize winner who was a pioneer in applying economic theory to the law. The British-born economist won the Nobel in 1991 for expanding economic theory to include simple but neglected concepts such as property rights and overhead costs.The former University of Chicago professor was the oldest living Nobel laureate before his death. Short illness, Sept. 2.

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